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2016 ; 126
(4
): 1208-15
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The biology and function of exosomes in cancer
#MMPMID27035812
Kalluri R
J Clin Invest
2016[Apr]; 126
(4
): 1208-15
PMID27035812
show ga
Humans circulate quadrillions of exosomes at all times. Exosomes are a class of
extracellular vesicles released by all cells, with a size range of 40-150 nm and
a lipid bilayer membrane. Exosomes contain DNA, RNA, and proteins. Exosomes
likely remove excess and/or unnecessary constituents from the cells, functioning
like garbage bags, although their precise physiological role remains unknown.
Additionally, exosomes may mediate specific cell-to-cell communication and
activate signaling pathways in cells they fuse or interact with. Exosomes are
detected in the tumor microenvironment, and emerging evidence suggests that they
play a role in facilitating tumorigenesis by regulating angiogenesis, immunity,
and metastasis. Circulating exosomes can be used as liquid biopsies and
noninvasive biomarkers for early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer
patients.