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2015 ; 7
(3
): a015776
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The biochemistry of mitosis
#MMPMID25663668
Wieser S
; Pines J
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol
2015[Feb]; 7
(3
): a015776
PMID25663668
show ga
In this article, we will discuss the biochemistry of mitosis in eukaryotic cells.
We will focus on conserved principles that, importantly, are adapted to the
biology of the organism. It is vital to bear in mind that the structural
requirements for division in a rapidly dividing syncytial Drosophila embryo, for
example, are markedly different from those in a unicellular yeast cell.
Nevertheless, division in both systems is driven by conserved modules of
antagonistic protein kinases and phosphatases, underpinned by ubiquitin-mediated
proteolysis, which create molecular switches to drive each stage of division
forward. These conserved control modules combine with the self-organizing
properties of the subcellular architecture to meet the specific needs of the
cell. Our discussion will draw on discoveries in several model systems that have
been important in the long history of research on mitosis, and we will try to
point out those principles that appear to apply to all cells, compared with those
in which the biochemistry has been specifically adapted in a particular organism.
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