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2015 ; 34
(ä): 39-45
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The Yin and Yang of R-loop biology
#MMPMID25938907
Costantino L
; Koshland D
Curr Opin Cell Biol
2015[Jun]; 34
(ä): 39-45
PMID25938907
show ga
RNA performs diverse functions in cells, directing translation, modulating
transcription and catalyzing enzymatic reactions. Remarkably RNA can also anneal
to its genomic template co- or post-transcriptionally to generate an RNA-DNA
hybrid and a displaced single-stranded DNA. These unusual nucleic acid structures
are called R-loops. Studies in the last decades concentrated on the detrimental
effects of R-loop formation, particularly on genome stability. In fact, R-loops
are thought to play a role in several human diseases like cancer and
neurodegenerative syndromes. But recent data has revealed that R-loops can also
have a positive impact on cell processes, like regulating gene expression,
chromosome structure and DNA repair. Here we summarize our current understanding
of the formation and dissolution of R-loops, and discuss their negative and
positive impact on genome structure and function.