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2016 ; 44
(5
): 1499-1505
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The Warburg effect: 80 years on
#MMPMID27911732
Potter M
; Newport E
; Morten KJ
Biochem Soc Trans
2016[Oct]; 44
(5
): 1499-1505
PMID27911732
show ga
Influential research by Warburg and Cori in the 1920s ignited interest in how
cancer cells' energy generation is different from that of normal cells. They
observed high glucose consumption and large amounts of lactate excretion from
cancer cells compared with normal cells, which oxidised glucose using
mitochondria. It was therefore assumed that cancer cells were generating energy
using glycolysis rather than mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and that
the mitochondria were dysfunctional. Advances in research techniques since then
have shown the mitochondria in cancer cells to be functional across a range of
tumour types. However, different tumour populations have different bioenergetic
alterations in order to meet their high energy requirement; the Warburg effect is
not consistent across all cancer types. This review will discuss the metabolic
reprogramming of cancer, possible explanations for the high glucose consumption
in cancer cells observed by Warburg, and suggest key experimental practices we
should consider when studying the metabolism of cancer.
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