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2016 ; 16
(4
): 1079-85
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The Role of Lymphoid Neogenesis in Allografts
#MMPMID26614734
Hsiao HM
; Li W
; Gelman AE
; Krupnick AS
; Kreisel D
Am J Transplant
2016[Apr]; 16
(4
): 1079-85
PMID26614734
show ga
De novo induction of organized lymphoid aggregates at nonlymphoid sites has been
observed in many chronic inflammatory conditions where foreign antigens such as
infectious agents, autoantigens or alloantigens, persist. The prevailing opinion
in the field of transplantation is that lymphoid neogenesis within allografts is
detrimental to the establishment of immune tolerance. These structures, commonly
referred to as tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs), are thought to contribute to
graft rejection by generating and propagating local alloimmune responses.
However, recent studies have shown that TLOs rich in regulatory Foxp3(+) cells
are present in long-term accepting allografts. The notion that TLOs can
contribute to the local downregulation of immune responses has been corroborated
in other chronic inflammation models. These findings suggest that contrary to
previous suggestions that the induction of TLOs in allografts is necessarily
harmful, the induction of "tolerogenic" TLOs may prove advantageous. In this
review, we discuss our current understanding of how TLOs are induced and how they
regulate immune responses with a particular focus on alloimmunity.
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