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2016 ; 5
(1
): ä Nephropedia Template TP
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The Role of Gammaherpesviruses in Cancer Pathogenesis
#MMPMID26861404
Jha HC
; Banerjee S
; Robertson ES
Pathogens
2016[Feb]; 5
(1
): ä PMID26861404
show ga
Worldwide, one fifth of cancers in the population are associated with viral
infections. Among them, gammaherpesvirus, specifically HHV4 (EBV) and HHV8
(KSHV), are two oncogenic viral agents associated with a large number of human
malignancies. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the
molecular mechanisms related to EBV and KSHV infection and their ability to
induce cellular transformation. We describe their strategies for manipulating
major cellular systems through the utilization of cell cycle, apoptosis, immune
modulation, epigenetic modification, and altered signal transduction pathways,
including NF-kB, Notch, Wnt, MAPK, TLR, etc. We also discuss the important EBV
latent antigens, namely EBNA1, EBNA2, EBNA3's and LMP's, which are important for
targeting these major cellular pathways. KSHV infection progresses through the
engagement of the activities of the major latent proteins LANA, v-FLIP and
v-Cyclin, and the lytic replication and transcription activator (RTA). This
review is a current, comprehensive approach that describes an in-depth
understanding of gammaherpes viral encoded gene manipulation of the host system
through targeting important biological processes in viral-associated cancers.
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