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2015 ; 15
(3
): 111-20
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The Role of Dendritic Cells in Central Tolerance
#MMPMID26140042
Oh J
; Shin JS
Immune Netw
2015[Jun]; 15
(3
): 111-20
PMID26140042
show ga
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a significant role in establishing self-tolerance
through their ability to present self-antigens to developing T cells in the
thymus. DCs are predominantly localized in the medullary region of thymus and
present a broad range of self-antigens, which include tissue-restricted antigens
expressed and transferred from medullary thymic epithelial cells, circulating
antigens directly captured by thymic DCs through coticomedullary junction blood
vessels, and peripheral tissue antigens captured and transported by peripheral
tissue DCs homing to the thymus. When antigen-presenting DCs make a high affinity
interaction with antigen-specific thymocytes, this interaction drives the
interacting thymocytes to death, a process often referred to as negative
selection, which fundamentally blocks the self-reactive thymocytes from
differentiating into mature T cells. Alternatively, the interacting thymocytes
differentiate into the regulatory T (Treg) cells, a distinct T cell subset with
potent immune suppressive activities. The specific mechanisms by which thymic DCs
differentiate Treg cells have been proposed by several laboratories. Here, we
review the literatures that elucidate the contribution of thymic DCs to negative
selection and Treg cell differentiation, and discusses its potential mechanisms
and future directions.