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2016 ; 17
(5
): ä Nephropedia Template TP
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English Wikipedia
The Relationship between NALP3 and Autoinflammatory Syndromes
#MMPMID27187378
Campbell L
; Raheem I
; Malemud CJ
; Askari AD
Int J Mol Sci
2016[May]; 17
(5
): ä PMID27187378
show ga
The nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat/pyrin domain-containing-3
(NALP3) inflammasome, which is required for synthesis of interleukin-1?, has been
implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoinflammatory syndromes. This review
of the literature summarizes the interconnectedness of NALP3 inflammasome with
some of these disorders. Familial Mediterranean fever results from a mutation in
the Mediterranean fever (MEFV) gene, which encodes the pyrin protein. Previous
study results suggest that pyrin suppresses caspase-1 activation, perhaps by
competing for the adaptor protein, termed, pyrin domain of apoptosis/speck-like
protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain (ACS) which therefore interferes
with NALP3 inflammasome activation. The nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich
repeat/pyrin domain-containing-3 (NALP3) inflammasome is constitutively activated
in cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes due to gain-of-function mutations
resulting from point mutations within the neuronal apoptosis inhibitor
protein/class 2 transcription factor/heterokaryon
incompatibility/telomerase-associated protein-1 (NACHT) domain of the NALP3
protein. Pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum and acne (PAPA) syndrome is
caused by mutations in the genes encoding proline-serine-threonine phosphatase
interacting protein 1 (PSTPIP1). These PSTPIP1 mutants are thought to bind to
pyrin causing an increase in the pyrin domain of apoptosis/speck-like protein
containing a caspase-recruitment domain (ASC) pyroptosome assembly leading to
procaspase-1 recruitment and therefore its activation. Hyperimmunoglublinemia D
syndrome is caused by mevalonate kinase (MVK) deficiency, which may be affected
by protein accumulation that leads to NALP3 inflammasome activation. Tumor
necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome is associated with
mutations in the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1A (TNFRSF1A)
gene which decreases the level of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1
(TNFR1) leading to neutralization of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-?. In general,
these autoinflammatory disorders have shown a clinical response to interleukin-1
(IL-1) antagonists, suggesting that the NALP3 inflammasome serves a critical role
in their pathogenesis.