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2016 ; 51
(4
): 167-174
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The Gut Microbiome and Its Role in Obesity
#MMPMID27795585
Davis CD
Nutr Today
2016[Jul]; 51
(4
): 167-174
PMID27795585
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The human body is host to a vast number of microbes, including bacterial, fungal
and protozoal microoganisms, which together constitute our microbiota. Evidence
is emerging that the intestinal microbiome is intrinsically linked with overall
health, including obesity risk. Obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders
are characterized by specific alterations in the composition and function of the
human gut microbiome. Mechanistic studies have indicated that the
gastrointestinal microbiota can influence both sides of the energy balance
equation; namely, as a factor influencing energy utilization from the diet and as
a factor that influences host genes that regulate energy expenditure and storage.
Moreover, its composition is not fixed and can be influenced by several dietary
components. This fact raises the attractive possibility that manipulating the gut
microbiota could facilitate weight loss or prevent obesity in humans. Emerging as
possible strategies for obesity prevention and/or treatment are targeting the
microbiota, in order to restore or modulate its composition through the
consumption of live bacteria (probiotics), nondigestible or limited digestible
food constituents such as oligosaccharides (prebiotics), or both (synbiotics), or
even fecal transplants.
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