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2015 ; 40
(12
): 2583-99
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The Glymphatic System: A Beginner s Guide
#MMPMID25947369
Jessen NA
; Munk AS
; Lundgaard I
; Nedergaard M
Neurochem Res
2015[Dec]; 40
(12
): 2583-99
PMID25947369
show ga
The glymphatic system is a recently discovered macroscopic waste clearance system
that utilizes a unique system of perivascular tunnels, formed by astroglial
cells, to promote efficient elimination of soluble proteins and metabolites from
the central nervous system. Besides waste elimination, the glymphatic system
also facilitates brain-wide distribution of several compounds,
including glucose, lipids, amino acids, growth factors, and neuromodulators.
Intriguingly, the glymphatic system function mainly during sleep and is largely
disengaged during wakefulness. The biological need for sleep across all species
may therefore reflect that the brain must enter a state of activity that enables
elimination of potentially neurotoxic waste products, including ?-amyloid. Since
the concept of the glymphatic system is relatively new, we will here review its
basic structural elements, organization, regulation, and functions. We will also
discuss recent studies indicating that glymphatic function is suppressed in
various diseases and that failure of glymphatic function in turn might contribute
to pathology in neurodegenerative disorders, traumatic brain injury and stroke.
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