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2016 ; 40
(6
): 1154-65
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The Genetics of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
#MMPMID27122355
Eberhart JK
; Parnell SE
Alcohol Clin Exp Res
2016[Jun]; 40
(6
): 1154-65
PMID27122355
show ga
The term "fetal alcohol spectrum disorders" (FASD) defines the full range of
ethanol (EtOH)-induced birth defects. Numerous variables influence the phenotypic
outcomes of embryonic EtOH exposure. Among these variables, genetics appears to
play an important role, yet our understanding of the genetic predisposition to
FASD is still in its infancy. We review the current literature that relates to
the genetics of FASD susceptibility and gene-EtOH interactions. Where possible,
we comment on potential mechanisms of reported gene-EtOH interactions. Early
indications of genetic sensitivity to FASD came from human and animal studies
using twins or inbred strains, respectively. These analyses prompted searches for
susceptibility loci involved in EtOH metabolism and analyses of candidate loci,
based on phenotypes observed in FASD. More recently, genetic screens in animal
models have provided an additional insight into the genetics of FASD.
Understanding FASD requires that we understand the many factors influencing
phenotypic outcome following embryonic EtOH exposure. We are gaining ground on
understanding some of the genetics behind FASD, yet much work remains to be
carried out. Coordinated analyses using human patients and animal models are
likely to be highly fruitful in uncovering the genetics behind FASD.