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The Genetics of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) #MMPMID27122355
Eberhart JK; Parnell SE
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016[Jun]; 40 (6): 1154-65 PMID27122355show ga
Background: The term Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) defines the full range of ethanol-induced birth defects. Numerous variables influence the phenotypic outcomes of embryonic ethanol exposure. Among these variables, genetics appears to play an important role yet our understanding of the genetic predisposition to FASD is still in its infancy. Methods: We review the current literature that relates to the genetics of FASD susceptibility and gene-ethanol interactions. Where possible, we comment on potential mechanisms of reported gene-ethanol interactions. Results: Early indications of genetic sensitivity to FASD came from human and animal studies using twins or inbred strains, respectively. These analyses prompted searches for susceptibility loci involved in ethanol metabolism and analyses of candidate loci, based on phenotypes observed in FASD. More recently, genetic screens in animal models have provided additional insight into the genetics of FASD Conclusions: Understanding FASD requires that we understand the many factors influencing phenotypic outcome following embryonic ethanol exposure. We are gaining ground on understanding some of the genetics behind FASD, yet much work remains to be done. Coordinated analyses using human patients and animal models are likely to be highly fruitful in uncovering the genetics behind FASD.