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2016 ; 7
(5
): 274-281
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The Family of Crumbs Genes and Human Disease
#MMPMID27867342
Slavotinek AM
Mol Syndromol
2016[Oct]; 7
(5
): 274-281
PMID27867342
show ga
The family of vertebrate Crumbs proteins, homologous to Drosophila Crumbs (Crb),
share large extracellular domains with epidermal growth factor-like repeats and
laminin-globular domains, a single transmembrane domain, and a short
intracellular C-terminus containing a single membrane proximal
4.1/ezrin/radixin/moesin-binding domain and PSD-95/Discs large/ZO-1-binding
motifs. There are 3 Crb genes in humans - Crumbs homolog-1 (CRB1), Crumbs
homolog-2 (CRB2), and Crumbs homolog-3 (CRB3). Bilallelic loss-of-function
mutations in CRB1 cause visual impairment, with Leber's congenital amaurosis and
retinitis pigmentosa, whereas CRB2 mutations are associated with raised maternal
serum and amniotic fluid alpha feto-protein levels,
ventriculomegaly/hydrocephalus, and renal disease, ranging from focal segmental
glomerulosclerosis to congenital Finnish nephrosis. CRB3 has not yet been
associated with human disease. In this review, we summarize the phenotypic
findings associated with deleterious sequence variants in CRB1 and CRB2. We
discuss the mutational spectrum, animal models of loss of function for both genes
and speculate on the likely mechanisms of disease.