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2015 ; 10
(12
): e0142948
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The Earliest Lead Object in the Levant
#MMPMID26630666
Yahalom-Mack N
; Langgut D
; Dvir O
; Tirosh O
; Eliyahu-Behar A
; Erel Y
; Langford B
; Frumkin A
; Ullman M
; Davidovich U
PLoS One
2015[]; 10
(12
): e0142948
PMID26630666
show ga
In the deepest section of a large complex cave in the northern Negev desert,
Israel, a bi-conical lead object was found logged onto a wooden shaft. Associated
material remains and radiocarbon dating of the shaft place the object within the
Late Chalcolithic period, at the late 5th millennium BCE. Based on chemical and
lead isotope analysis, we show that this unique object was made of almost pure
metallic lead, likely smelted from lead ores originating in the Taurus range in
Anatolia. Either the finished object, or the raw material, was brought to the
southern Levant, adding another major component to the already-rich Late
Chalcolithic metallurgical corpus known to-date. The paper also discusses
possible uses of the object, suggesting that it may have been used as a spindle
whorl, at least towards its deposition.