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2016 ; 111
(5
): 909-16
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The Dark Matter of Biology
#MMPMID27602719
Ross JL
Biophys J
2016[Sep]; 111
(5
): 909-16
PMID27602719
show ga
The inside of the cell is full of important, yet invisible species of molecules
and proteins that interact weakly but couple together to have huge and important
effects in many biological processes. Such "dark matter" inside cells remains
mostly hidden, because our tools were developed to investigate strongly
interacting species and folded proteins. Example dark-matter species include
intrinsically disordered proteins, posttranslational states, ion species, and
rare, transient, and weak interactions undetectable by biochemical assays. The
dark matter of biology is likely to have multiple, vital roles to regulate
signaling, rates of reactions, water structure and viscosity, crowding, and other
cellular activities. We need to create new tools to image, detect, and understand
these dark-matter species if we are to truly understand fundamental physical
principles of biology.