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2015 ; 3
(3
): ä Nephropedia Template TP
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English Wikipedia
The Biology of the Escherichia coli Extracellular Matrix
#MMPMID26185090
Hufnagel DA
; Depas WH
; Chapman MR
Microbiol Spectr
2015[Jun]; 3
(3
): ä PMID26185090
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Escherichia coli is one of the world's best-characterized organisms, because it
has been extensively studied for over a century. However, most of this work has
focused on E. coli grown under laboratory conditions that do not faithfully
simulate its natural environments. Therefore, the historical perspectives on E.
coli physiology and life cycle are somewhat skewed toward experimental systems
that feature E. coli growing logarithmically in a test tube. Typically a
commensal bacterium, E. coli resides in the lower intestines of a slew of
animals. Outside of the lower intestine, E. coli can adapt and survive in a very
different set of environmental conditions. Biofilm formation allows E. coli to
survive, and even thrive, in environments that do not support the growth of
planktonic populations. E. coli can form biofilms virtually everywhere: in the
bladder during a urinary tract infection, on in-dwelling medical devices, and
outside of the host on plants and in the soil. The E. coli extracellular matrix
(ECM), primarily composed of the protein polymer named curli and the
polysaccharide cellulose, promotes adherence to organic and inorganic surfaces
and resistance to desiccation, the host immune system, and other antimicrobials.
The pathways that govern E. coli biofilm formation, cellulose production, and
curli biogenesis will be discussed in this article, which concludes with insights
into the future of E. coli biofilm research and potential therapies.
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