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2017 ; 8
(ä): 269
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The Autophagic Machinery in Viral Exocytosis
#MMPMID28270807
Münz C
Front Microbiol
2017[]; 8
(ä): 269
PMID28270807
show ga
The discovery of the molecular machinery of autophagy, namely Atg proteins, was
awarded with the Nobel prize in physiology and medicine to Yoshinori Ohsumi in
2016. While this machinery was originally identified by its ability to allow
cells to survive starvation via lysosomal degradation to recycle cellular
components, it has recently become apparent that it also is used by cells to
secrete cytoplasmic constituents. Furthermore, viruses have learned to use this
Atg supported exocytosis to exit cells, acquire envelopes in the cytosol and
select lipids into their surrounding membranes that might allow for increased
robustness of their virions and altered infection behavior. Along these lines,
picornaviruses exit infected cells in packages wrapped into autophagic membranes,
herpesviruses recruit autophagic membranes into their envelopes and para- as well
as orthomyxoviruses redirect autophagic membranes to the cell membrane, which
increases the robustness of their envelope that they acquire at this site. These
recent findings open a new exciting field on the regulation of degradation vs.
release of autophagic membranes and will be discussed in this minireview.