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J Cell Mol Med
2015[Jul]; 19
(7
): 1504-19
PMID25991475
show ga
The presence of telocytes (TCs) as distinct interstitial cells was previously
documented in human dermis. TCs are interstitial cells completely different than
dermal fibroblasts. TCs are interconnected in normal dermis in a 3D network and
may be involved in skin homeostasis, remodelling, regeneration and repair. The
number, distribution and ultrastructure of TCs were recently shown to be affected
in systemic scleroderma. Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin condition
(estimated to affect about 0.1-11.8% of population), a keratinization disorder on
a genetic background. In psoriasis, the dermis contribution to pathogenesis is
frequently eclipsed by remarkable epidermal phenomena. Because of the particular
distribution of TCs around blood vessels, we have investigated TCs in the dermis
of patients with psoriasis vulgaris using immunohistochemistry (IHC),
immunofluorescence (IF), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). IHC and IF
revealed that CD34/PDGFR?-positive TCs are present in human papillary dermis.
More TCs were present in the dermis of uninvolved skin and treated skin than in
psoriatic dermis. In uninvolved skin, TEM revealed TCs with typical
ultrastructural features being involved in a 3D interstitial network in close
vicinity to blood vessels in contact with immunoreactive cells in normal and
treated skin. In contrast, the number of TCs was significantly decreased in
psoriatic plaque. The remaining TCs demonstrated multiple degenerative features:
apoptosis, membrane disintegration, cytoplasm fragmentation and nuclear
extrusion. We also found changes in the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells
in small blood vessels that lost the protective envelope formed by TCs.
Therefore, impaired TCs could be a 'missed' trigger for the characteristic
vascular pathology in psoriasis. Our data explain the mechanism of Auspitz's
sign, the most pathognomonic clinical sign of psoriasis vulgaris. This study
offers new insights on the cellularity of psoriatic lesions and we suggest that
TCs should be considered new cellular targets in forthcoming therapies.
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