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2015 ; 4
(4
): 756-84
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Teleost Chemokines and Their Receptors
#MMPMID26569324
Bird S
; Tafalla C
Biology (Basel)
2015[Nov]; 4
(4
): 756-84
PMID26569324
show ga
Chemokines are a superfamily of cytokines that appeared about 650 million years
ago, at the emergence of vertebrates, and are responsible for regulating cell
migration under both inflammatory and physiological conditions. The first teleost
chemokine gene was reported in rainbow trout in 1998. Since then, numerous
chemokine genes have been identified in diverse fish species evidencing the great
differences that exist among fish and mammalian chemokines, and within the
different fish species, as a consequence of extensive intrachromosomal gene
duplications and different infectious experiences. Subsequently, it has only been
possible to establish clear homologies with mammalian chemokines in the case of
some chemokines with well-conserved homeostatic roles, whereas the functionality
of other chemokine genes will have to be independently addressed in each species.
Despite this, functional studies have only been undertaken for a few of these
chemokine genes. In this review, we describe the current state of knowledge of
chemokine biology in teleost fish. We have mainly focused on those species for
which more research efforts have been made in this subject, specially zebrafish
(Danio rerio), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and catfish (Ictalurus
punctatus), outlining which genes have been identified thus far, highlighting the
most important aspects of their expression regulation and addressing any known
aspects of their biological role in immunity. Finally, we summarise what is known
about the chemokine receptors in teleosts and provide some analysis using
recently available data to help characterise them more clearly.