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2018 ; 9
(ä): 440
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Targeting Renin-Angiotensin System Against Alzheimer s Disease
#MMPMID29760662
Front Pharmacol
2018[]; 9
(ä): 440
PMID29760662
show ga
Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) is a hormonal system that regulates blood pressure
and fluid balance through a coordinated action of renal, cardiovascular, and
central nervous systems. In addition to its hemodynamic regulatory role, RAS
involves in many brain activities, including memory acquisition and
consolidation. This review has summarized the involvement of RAS in the pathology
of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the outcomes of treatment with RAS inhibitors.
We have discussed the effect of brain RAS in the amyloid plaque (A?) deposition,
oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and vascular pathology which are directly
and indirectly associated with AD. Angiotensin II (AngII) via AT1 receptor is
reported to increase brain A? level via different mechanisms including increasing
amyloid precursor protein (APP) mRNA, ?-secretase activity, and presenilin
expression. Similarly, it was associated with tau phosphorylation, and reactive
oxygen species generation. However, these effects are counterbalanced by Ang II
mediated AT2 signaling. The protective effect observed with angiotensin receptor
blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) could be as
the result of inhibition of Ang II signaling. ARBs also offer additional benefit
by shifting the effect of Ang II toward AT2 receptor. To conclude, targeting RAS
in the brain may benefit patients with AD though it still requires further in
depth understanding.