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2015 ; 219
(ä): 576-595
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Targeted endothelial nanomedicine for common acute pathological conditions
#MMPMID26435455
Shuvaev VV
; Brenner JS
; Muzykantov VR
J Control Release
2015[Dec]; 219
(ä): 576-595
PMID26435455
show ga
Endothelium, a thin monolayer of specialized cells lining the lumen of blood
vessels is the key regulatory interface between blood and tissues. Endothelial
abnormalities are implicated in many diseases, including common acute conditions
with high morbidity and mortality lacking therapy, in part because drugs and drug
carriers have no natural endothelial affinity. Precise endothelial drug delivery
may improve management of these conditions. Using ligands of molecules exposed to
the bloodstream on the endothelial surface enables design of diverse targeted
endothelial nanomedicine agents. Target molecules and binding epitopes must be
accessible to drug carriers, carriers must be free of harmful effects, and
targeting should provide desirable sub-cellular addressing of the drug cargo. The
roster of current candidate target molecules for endothelial nanomedicine
includes peptidases and other enzymes, cell adhesion molecules and integrins,
localized in different domains of the endothelial plasmalemma and differentially
distributed throughout the vasculature. Endowing carriers with an affinity to
specific endothelial epitopes enables an unprecedented level of precision of
control of drug delivery: binding to selected endothelial cell phenotypes,
cellular addressing and duration of therapeutic effects. Features of nanocarrier
design such as choice of epitope and ligand control delivery and effect of
targeted endothelial nanomedicine agents. Pathological factors modulate
endothelial targeting and uptake of nanocarriers. Selection of optimal binding
sites and design features of nanocarriers are key controllable factors that can
be iteratively engineered based on their performance from in vitro to
pre-clinical in vivo experimental models. Targeted endothelial nanomedicine
agents provide antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other therapeutic effects
unattainable by non-targeted counterparts in animal models of common acute severe
human disease conditions. The results of animal studies provide the basis for the
challenging translation endothelial nanomedicine into the clinical domain.