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2016 ; 4
(ä): 20
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TRAPP Complexes in Secretion and Autophagy
#MMPMID27066478
Kim JJ
; Lipatova Z
; Segev N
Front Cell Dev Biol
2016[]; 4
(ä): 20
PMID27066478
show ga
TRAPP is a highly conserved modular multi-subunit protein complex. Originally
identified as a "transport protein particle" with a role in endoplasmic
reticulum-to-Golgi transport, its multiple subunits and their conservation from
yeast to humans were characterized in the late 1990s. TRAPP attracted attention
when it was shown to act as a Ypt/Rab GTPase nucleotide exchanger, GEF, in the
2000s. Currently, three TRAPP complexes are known in yeast, I, II, and III, and
they regulate two different intracellular trafficking pathways: secretion and
autophagy. Core TRAPP contains four small subunits that self assemble to a stable
complex, which has a GEF activity on Ypt1. Another small subunit, Trs20/Sedlin,
is an adaptor required for the association of core TRAPP with larger subunits to
form TRAPP II and TRAPP III. Whereas the molecular structure of the core TRAPP
complex is resolved, the architecture of the larger TRAPP complexes, including
their existence as dimers and multimers, is less clear. In addition to its
Ypt/Rab GEF activity, and thereby an indirect role in vesicle tethering through
Ypt/Rabs, a direct role for TRAPP as a vesicle tether has been suggested. This
idea is based on TRAPP interactions with vesicle coat components. While much of
the basic information about TRAPP complexes comes from yeast, mutations in TRAPP
subunits were connected to human disease. In this review we will summarize new
information about TRAPP complexes, highlight new insights about their function
and discuss current controversies and future perspectives.