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2011 ; 29
(5
): 196-202
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TGF-? signaling in fibrosis
#MMPMID21740331
Biernacka A
; Dobaczewski M
; Frangogiannis NG
Growth Factors
2011[Oct]; 29
(5
): 196-202
PMID21740331
show ga
Transforming growth factor ? (TGF-?) is a central mediator of fibrogenesis. TGF-?
is upregulated and activated in fibrotic diseases and modulates fibroblast
phenotype and function, inducing myofibroblast transdifferentiation while
promoting matrix preservation. Studies in a wide range of experimental models
have demonstrated the involvement of the canonical activin receptor-like kinase
5/Smad3 pathway in fibrosis. Smad-independent pathways may regulate Smad
activation and, under certain conditions, may directly transduce fibrogenic
signals. The profibrotic actions of TGF-? are mediated, at least in part, through
induction of its downstream effector, connective tissue growth factor. In light
of its essential role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis, TGF-? has emerged as an
attractive therapeutic target. However, the pleiotropic and multifunctional
effects of TGF-? and its role in tissue homeostasis, immunity and cell
proliferation raise concerns regarding potential side effects that may be caused
by TGF-? blockade. This minireview summarizes the role of TGF-? signaling
pathways in the fibrotic response.