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2018 ; 9
(ä): 1637
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T Follicular Helper Cells in Autoimmune Disorders
#MMPMID30065726
Gensous N
; Charrier M
; Duluc D
; Contin-Bordes C
; Truchetet ME
; Lazaro E
; Duffau P
; Blanco P
; Richez C
Front Immunol
2018[]; 9
(ä): 1637
PMID30065726
show ga
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a distinct subset of CD4(+) T lymphocytes,
specialized in B cell help and in regulation of antibody responses. They are
required for the generation of germinal center reactions, where selection of high
affinity antibody producing B cells and development of memory B cells occur.
Owing to the fundamental role of Tfh cells in adaptive immunity, the stringent
control of their production and function is critically important, both for the
induction of an optimal humoral response against thymus-dependent antigens but
also for the prevention of self-reactivity. Indeed, deregulation of Tfh
activities can contribute to a pathogenic autoantibody production and can play an
important role in the promotion of autoimmune diseases. In the present review, we
briefly introduce the molecular factors involved in Tfh cell formation in the
context of a normal immune response, as well as markers associated with their
identification (transcription factor, surface marker expression, and cytokine
production). We then consider in detail the role of Tfh cells in the pathogenesis
of a broad range of autoimmune diseases, with a special focus on systemic lupus
erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as on the other
autoimmune/inflammatory disorders. We summarize the observed alterations in Tfh
numbers, activation state, and circulating subset distribution during autoimmune
and some other inflammatory disorders. In addition, central role of
interleukin-21, major cytokine produced by Tfh cells, is discussed, as well as
the involvement of follicular regulatory T cells, which share characteristics
with both Tfh and regulatory T cells.