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2015 ; 3
(ä): 60
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Synthetic self-adjuvanting glycopeptide cancer vaccines
#MMPMID26557640
McDonald DM
; Byrne SN
; Payne RJ
Front Chem
2015[]; 3
(ä): 60
PMID26557640
show ga
Due to changes in glycosyltransferase expression during oncogenesis, the
glycoproteins of cancer cells often carry highly truncated carbohydrate chains
compared to those on healthy cells. These glycans are known as tumor-associated
carbohydrate antigens (TACAs), and are prime targets for use in vaccines for the
prevention and treatment of cancer. Herein, we review the state-of-the-art in
targeting the immune system toward tumor-associated glycopeptide antigens via
synthetic self-adjuvanting vaccines, in which the antigenic and adjuvanting
moieties of the vaccines are present in the same molecule. The majority of the
self-adjuvanting glycopeptide cancer vaccines reported to date employ antigens
from mucin 1, a protein which is highly over-expressed and aberrantly
glycosylated in many forms of cancer. The adjuvants used in these vaccines
predominantly include lipopeptide- or lipoamino acid-based TLR2 agonists,
although studies investigating stimulation of TLR9 and TLR4 are also discussed.
Many of these adjuvants are highly lipophilic, and, upon conjugation to antigenic
peptides, provide amphiphilic vaccine molecules. The amphiphilic nature of these
vaccine constructs can lead to the formation of higher-order structures by
vaccines in solution, which are likely to be important for their efficacy in
vivo.