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2017 ; 7
(1
): 6111
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Synthesis of renewable high-density fuel with isophorone
#MMPMID28733651
Wang W
; Liu Y
; Li N
; Li G
; Wang W
; Wang A
; Wang X
; Zhang T
Sci Rep
2017[Jul]; 7
(1
): 6111
PMID28733651
show ga
1,1,3-Trimethyl-5-(2,4,4-trimethylcyclohexyl)cyclohexane, a renewable high
density fuel, was first produced in a high overall carbon yield (~70%) with
isophorone which can be derived from hemicellulose. The synthetic route used this
work contains three steps. In the first step, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanone was
synthesized by the selective hydrogenation of isophorone. Among the investigated
catalysts, the Pd/C exhibited the highest activity and selectivity. Over this
catalyst, a high carbon yield (99.0%) of 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanone was
achieved under mild conditions (298?K, 2?MPa H(2), 1?h). In the second step,
3,5,5-trimethyl-2-(3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexylidene)cyclohexanone was produced in a
high carbon yield (76.4%) by the NaOH catalyzed self-aldol condensation of
3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanone which was carried out in a round bottom flask
attached to the Dean-Stark apparatus. In the third step, the
3,5,5-trimethyl-2-(3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexylidene)cyclohexanone was
hydrodeoxygenated under solvent-free conditions. High carbon yield (93.4%) of
1,1,3-trimethyl-5-(2,4,4-trimethylcyclohexyl)cyclohexane was obtained over the
Ni/SiO(2) catalyst. The 1,1,3-trimethyl-5-(2,4,4-trimethylcyclohexyl)cyclohexane
as obtained has a density of 0.858?g?mL(-1) and a freezing point of 222.2?K. As a
potential application, it can be blended into conventional fuels (such as RP-1,
RG-1, etc.) for rocket propulsion.