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2013 ; 9
(6
): 917-9
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Syntaxin 17: the autophagosomal SNARE
#MMPMID23466629
Itakura E
; Mizushima N
Autophagy
2013[Jun]; 9
(6
): 917-9
PMID23466629
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The phagophore (also called isolation membrane) elongates and encloses a portion
of cytoplasm, resulting in formation of the autophagosome. After completion of
autophagosome formation, the outer autophagosomal membrane becomes ready to fuse
with the lysosome for degradation of enclosed cytoplasmic materials. However, the
molecular mechanism for how the fusion of completed autophagosomes with the
lysosome is regulated has not been fully understood. We discovered syntaxin 17
(STX17) as an autophagosomal soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment
protein receptor (SNARE). STX17 has a hairpin-type structure mediated by two
transmembrane domains, each containing glycine zipper motifs. This unique
transmembrane structure contributes to its specific localization to completed
autophagosomes but not to phagophores. STX17 interacts with SNAP29 and the
lysosomal SNARE VAMP8, and all of these proteins are required for
autophagosome-lysosome fusion. The late recruitment of STX17 to completed
autophagosomes could prevent premature fusion of the lysosome with unclosed
phagophores.
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