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Synaptic vesicle recycling: steps and principles
#MMPMID24596248
Rizzoli SO
EMBO J
2014[Apr]; 33
(8
): 788-822
PMID24596248
show ga
Synaptic vesicle recycling is one of the best-studied cellular pathways. Many of
the proteins involved are known, and their interactions are becoming increasingly
clear. However, as for many other pathways, it is still difficult to understand
synaptic vesicle recycling as a whole. While it is generally possible to point
out how synaptic reactions take place, it is not always easy to understand what
triggers or controls them. Also, it is often difficult to understand how the
availability of the reaction partners is controlled: how the reaction partners
manage to find each other in the right place, at the right time. I present here
an overview of synaptic vesicle recycling, discussing the mechanisms that trigger
different reactions, and those that ensure the availability of reaction partners.
A central argument is that synaptic vesicles bind soluble cofactor proteins, with
low affinity, and thus control their availability in the synapse, forming a
buffer for cofactor proteins. The availability of cofactor proteins, in turn,
regulates the different synaptic reactions. Similar mechanisms, in which one of
the reaction partners buffers another, may apply to many other processes, from
the biogenesis to the degradation of the synaptic vesicle.
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