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2014 ; 113
(1
): 1-8
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Supergenes and their role in evolution
#MMPMID24642887
Thompson MJ
; Jiggins CD
Heredity (Edinb)
2014[Jul]; 113
(1
): 1-8
PMID24642887
show ga
Adaptation is commonly a multidimensional problem, with changes in multiple
traits required to match a complex environment. This is epitomized by balanced
polymorphisms in which multiple phenotypes co-exist and are maintained in a
population by a balance of selective forces. Consideration of such polymorphisms
led to the concept of the supergene, where alternative phenotypes in a balanced
polymorphism segregate as if controlled by a single genetic locus, resulting from
tight genetic linkage between multiple functional loci. Recently, the molecular
basis for several supergenes has been resolved. Thus, major chromosomal
inversions have been shown to be associated with polymorphisms in butterflies,
ants and birds, offering a mechanism for localised reduction in recombination. In
several examples of plant self-incompatibility, the functional role of multiple
elements within the supergene architecture has been demonstrated, conclusively
showing that balanced polymorphism can be maintained at multiple coadapted and
tightly linked elements. Despite recent criticism, we argue that the supergene
concept remains relevant and is more testable than ever with modern molecular
methods.
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