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2018 ; 9
(4
): 1613-1629
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Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy by stepwise optical saturation
#MMPMID29675306
Zhang Y
; Nallathamby PD
; Vigil GD
; Khan AA
; Mason DE
; Boerckel JD
; Roeder RK
; Howard SS
Biomed Opt Express
2018[Apr]; 9
(4
): 1613-1629
PMID29675306
show ga
Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy is an important tool in biomedical
research for its ability to discern features smaller than the diffraction limit.
However, due to its difficult implementation and high cost, the super-resolution
microscopy is not feasible in many applications. In this paper, we propose and
demonstrate a saturation-based super-resolution fluorescence microscopy technique
that can be easily implemented and requires neither additional hardware nor
complex post-processing. The method is based on the principle of stepwise optical
saturation (SOS), where M steps of raw fluorescence images are linearly combined
to generate an image with a [Formula: see text]-fold increase in resolution
compared with conventional diffraction-limited images. For example, linearly
combining (scaling and subtracting) two images obtained at regular powers extends
the resolution by a factor of 1.4 beyond the diffraction limit. The resolution
improvement in SOS microscopy is theoretically infinite but practically is
limited by the signal-to-noise ratio. We perform simulations and experimentally
demonstrate super-resolution microscopy with both one-photon (confocal) and
multiphoton excitation fluorescence. We show that with the multiphoton modality,
the SOS microscopy can provide super-resolution imaging deep in scattering
samples.