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2014 ; 1839
(10
): 939-950
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Structure and function of preQ(1) riboswitches
#MMPMID24798077
Eichhorn CD
; Kang M
; Feigon J
Biochim Biophys Acta
2014[Oct]; 1839
(10
): 939-950
PMID24798077
show ga
PreQ(1) riboswitches help regulate the biosynthesis and transport of preQ(1)
(7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine), a precursor of the hypermodified guanine
nucleotide queuosine (Q), in a number of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and
Fusobacteria. Queuosine is almost universally found at the wobble position of the
anticodon in asparaginyl, tyrosyl, histidyl and aspartyl tRNAs, where it
contributes to translational fidelity. Two classes of preQ(1) riboswitches have
been identified (preQ(1)-I and preQ(1)-II), and structures of examples from both
classes have been determined. Both classes form H-type pseudoknots upon preQ(1)
binding, each of which has distinct unusual features and modes of preQ(1)
recognition. These features include an unusually long loop 2 in preQ(1)-I
pseudoknots and an embedded hairpin in loop 3 in preQ(1)-II pseudoknots.
PreQ(1)-I riboswitches are also notable for their unusually small aptamer domain,
which has been extensively investigated by NMR, X-ray crystallography, FRET, and
other biophysical methods. Here we review the discovery, structural biology,
ligand specificity, cation interactions, folding, dynamics, and applications to
biotechnology of preQ(1) riboswitches. This article is part of a Special Issue
entitled: Riboswitches.