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2018 ; 10
(2
): 597-604
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Structural insights on the dynamics of proteasome formation
#MMPMID29243089
Kato K
; Satoh T
Biophys Rev
2018[Apr]; 10
(2
): 597-604
PMID29243089
show ga
Molecular organization in biological systems comprises elaborately programmed
processes involving metastable complex formation of biomolecules. This is
exemplified by the formation of the proteasome, which is one of the largest and
most complicated biological supramolecular complexes. This biomolecular machinery
comprises approximately 70 subunits, including structurally homologous, but
functionally distinct, ones, thereby exerting versatile proteolytic functions. In
eukaryotes, proteasome formation is non-autonomous and is assisted by assembly
chaperones, which transiently associate with assembly intermediates, operating as
molecular matchmakers and checkpoints for the correct assembly of proteasome
subunits. Accumulated data also suggest that eukaryotic proteasome formation
involves scrap-and-build mechanisms. However, unlike the eukaryotic proteasome
subunits, the archaeal subunits show little structural divergence and
spontaneously assemble into functional machinery. Nevertheless, the archaeal
genomes encode homologs of eukaryotic proteasome assembly chaperones. Recent
structural and functional studies of these proteins have advanced our
understanding of the evolution of molecular mechanisms involved in proteasome
biogenesis. This knowledge, in turn, provides a guiding principle in designing
molecular machineries using protein engineering approaches and de novo synthesis
of artificial molecular systems.