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2015 ; 33
(ä): 393-416
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Structural biology of innate immunity
#MMPMID25622194
Yin Q
; Fu TM
; Li J
; Wu H
Annu Rev Immunol
2015[]; 33
(ä): 393-416
PMID25622194
show ga
Innate immune responses depend on timely recognition of pathogenic or danger
signals by multiple cell surface or cytoplasmic receptors and transmission of
signals for proper counteractions through adaptor and effector molecules. At the
forefront of innate immunity are four major signaling pathways, including those
elicited by Toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, inflammasomes, or cGAS,
each with its own cellular localization, ligand specificity, and signal relay
mechanism. They collectively engage a number of overlapping signaling outcomes,
such as NF-?B activation, interferon response, cytokine maturation, and cell
death. Several proteins often assemble into a supramolecular complex to enable
signal transduction and amplification. In this article, we review the recent
progress in mechanistic delineation of proteins in these pathways, their
structural features, modes of ligand recognition, conformational changes, and
homo- and hetero-oligomeric interactions within the supramolecular complexes.
Regardless of seemingly distinct interactions and mechanisms, the recurring
themes appear to consist of autoinhibited resting-state receptors, ligand-induced
conformational changes, and higher-order assemblies of activated receptors,
adaptors, and signaling enzymes through conserved protein-protein interactions.