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2015 ; 25
(9
): 523-32
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Stem cell mechanobiology: diverse lessons from bone marrow
#MMPMID26045259
Ivanovska IL
; Shin JW
; Swift J
; Discher DE
Trends Cell Biol
2015[Sep]; 25
(9
): 523-32
PMID26045259
show ga
A stem cell niche is defined by various chemical and physical features that
influence whether a stem cell remains quiescent, divides, or differentiates. We
review mechanical determinants that affect cell fate through actomyosin forces,
nucleoskeleton remodeling, and mechanosensitive translocation of transcription
factors. Current methods for physical characterization of tissue
microenvironments are summarized together with efforts to recapitulate niche
mechanics in culture. We focus on mesenchymal stem cells, particularly in
osteogenesis and adipogenesis, and on blood stem cells - both of which reside in
mechanically diverse marrow microenvironments. Given the explosion of efforts
with pluripotent stem cells, the evident mechanosensitivity of clinically
relevant, multipotent marrow cells underscores an increasing need to examine and
understand in vivo and in vitro physical properties on length scales that cells
sense.
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