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2016 ; 104
(10
): 2024-2039
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Spintronic Nanodevices for Bioinspired Computing
#MMPMID27881881
Grollier J
; Querlioz D
; Stiles MD
Proc IEEE Inst Electr Electron Eng
2016[Oct]; 104
(10
): 2024-2039
PMID27881881
show ga
Bioinspired hardware holds the promise of low-energy, intelligent, and highly
adaptable computing systems. Applications span from automatic classification for
big data management, through unmanned vehicle control, to control for biomedical
prosthesis. However, one of the major challenges of fabricating bioinspired
hardware is building ultra-high-density networks out of complex processing units
interlinked by tunable connections. Nanometer-scale devices exploiting spin
electronics (or spintronics) can be a key technology in this context. In
particular, magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are well suited for this purpose
because of their multiple tunable functionalities. One such functionality,
non-volatile memory, can provide massive embedded memory in unconventional
circuits, thus escaping the von-Neumann bottleneck arising when memory and
processors are located separately. Other features of spintronic devices that
could be beneficial for bioinspired computing include tunable fast nonlinear
dynamics, controlled stochasticity, and the ability of single devices to change
functions in different operating conditions. Large networks of interacting
spintronic nanodevices can have their interactions tuned to induce complex
dynamics such as synchronization, chaos, soliton diffusion, phase transitions,
criticality, and convergence to multiple metastable states. A number of groups
have recently proposed bioinspired architectures that include one or several
types of spintronic nanodevices. In this paper, we show how spintronics can be
used for bioinspired computing. We review the different approaches that have been
proposed, the recent advances in this direction, and the challenges toward fully
integrated spintronics complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) bioinspired
hardware.