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2015 ; 50
(4
): 298-313
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Sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism: A structural perspective
#MMPMID25923252
Pulkoski-Gross MJ
; Donaldson JC
; Obeid LM
Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol
2015[]; 50
(4
): 298-313
PMID25923252
show ga
Sphingolipids represent an important class of bioactive signaling lipids which
have key roles in numerous cellular processes. Over the last few decades, the
levels of bioactive sphingolipids and/or their metabolizing enzymes have been
realized to be important factors involved in disease development and progression,
most notably in cancer. Targeting sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes in disease
states has been the focus of many studies and has resulted in a number of
pharmacological inhibitors, with some making it into the clinic as therapeutics.
In order to better understand the regulation of sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes
as well as to develop much more potent and specific inhibitors, the field of
sphingolipids has recently taken a turn toward structural biology. The last
decade has seen the structural determination of a number of sphingolipid enzymes
and effector proteins. In these terms, one of the most complete arms of the
sphingolipid pathway is the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) arm. The structures of
proteins involved in the function and regulation of S1P are being used to
investigate further the regulation of said proteins as well as in the design and
development of inhibitors as potential therapeutics.