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2016 ; 5
(3
): 233-57
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Soy-based renoprotection
#MMPMID27152261
McGraw NJ
; Krul ES
; Grunz-Borgmann E
; Parrish AR
World J Nephrol
2016[May]; 5
(3
): 233-57
PMID27152261
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant public health problem as risk
factors such as advanced age, obesity, hypertension and diabetes rise in the
global population. Currently there are no effective pharmacologic treatments for
this disease. The role of diet is important for slowing the progression of CKD
and managing symptoms in later stages of renal insufficiency. While low protein
diets are generally recommended, maintaining adequate levels of intake is
critical for health. There is an increasing appreciation that the source of
protein may also be important. Soybean protein has been the most extensively
studied plant-based protein in subjects with kidney disease and has demonstrated
renal protective properties in a number of clinical studies. Soy protein
consumption has been shown to slow the decline in estimated glomerular filtration
rate and significantly improve proteinuria in diabetic and non-diabetic patients
with nephropathy. Soy's beneficial effects on renal function may also result from
its impact on certain physiological risk factors for CKD such as dyslipidemia,
hypertension and hyperglycemia. Soy intake is also associated with improvements
in antioxidant status and systemic inflammation in early and late stage CKD
patients. Studies conducted in animal models have helped to identify the
underlying molecular mechanisms that may play a role in the positive effects of
soy protein on renal parameters in polycystic kidney disease,
metabolically-induced kidney dysfunction and age-associated progressive
nephropathy. Despite the established relationship between soy and renoprotection,
further studies are needed for a clear understanding of the role of the cellular
and molecular target(s) of soy protein in maintaining renal function.