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2016 ; 568
(ä): 303-50
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Skin Keratins
#MMPMID26795476
Wang F
; Zieman A
; Coulombe PA
Methods Enzymol
2016[]; 568
(ä): 303-50
PMID26795476
show ga
Keratins comprise the type I and type II intermediate filament-forming proteins
and occur primarily in epithelial cells. They are encoded by 54 evolutionarily
conserved genes (28 type I, 26 type II) and regulated in a pairwise and tissue
type-, differentiation-, and context-dependent manner. Keratins serve multiple
homeostatic and stress-enhanced mechanical and nonmechanical functions in
epithelia, including the maintenance of cellular integrity, regulation of cell
growth and migration, and protection from apoptosis. These functions are tightly
regulated by posttranslational modifications as well as keratin-associated
proteins. Genetically determined alterations in keratin-coding sequences underlie
highly penetrant and rare disorders whose pathophysiology reflects cell fragility
and/or altered tissue homeostasis. Moreover, keratin mutation or misregulation
represents risk factors or genetic modifiers for several acute and chronic
diseases. This chapter focuses on keratins that are expressed in skin epithelia,
and details a number of basic protocols and assays that have proven useful for
analyses being carried out in skin.