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2014 ; 1839
(10
): 1030-1045
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Single-molecule studies of riboswitch folding
#MMPMID24727093
Savinov A
; Perez CF
; Block SM
Biochim Biophys Acta
2014[Oct]; 1839
(10
): 1030-1045
PMID24727093
show ga
The folding dynamics of riboswitches are central to their ability to modulate
gene expression in response to environmental cues. In most cases, a structural
competition between the formation of a ligand-binding aptamer and an expression
platform (or some other competing off-state) determines the regulatory outcome.
Here, we review single-molecule studies of riboswitch folding and function,
predominantly carried out using single-molecule FRET or optical trapping
approaches. Recent results have supplied new insights into riboswitch folding
energy landscapes, the mechanisms of ligand binding, the roles played by divalent
ions, the applicability of hierarchical folding models, and kinetic vs.
thermodynamic control schemes. We anticipate that future work, based on improved
data sets and potentially combining multiple experimental techniques, will enable
the development of more complete models for complex RNA folding processes. This
article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Riboswitches.