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2017 ; 284
(1849
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English Wikipedia
Signals, cues and the nature of mimicry
#MMPMID28202806
Jamie GA
Proc Biol Sci
2017[Feb]; 284
(1849
): ä PMID28202806
show ga
'Mimicry' is used in the evolutionary and ecological literature to describe
diverse phenomena. Many are textbook examples of natural selection's power to
produce stunning adaptations. However, there remains a lack of clarity over how
mimetic resemblances are conceptually related to each other. The result is that
categories denoting the traditional subdivisions of mimicry are applied
inconsistently across studies, hindering attempts at conceptual unification. This
review critically examines the logic by which mimicry can be conceptually
organized and analysed. It highlights the following three evolutionarily relevant
distinctions. (i) Are the model's traits being mimicked signals or cues? (ii)
Does the mimic signal a fitness benefit or fitness cost in order to manipulate
the receiver's behaviour? (iii) Is the mimic's signal deceptive? The first
distinction divides mimicry into two broad categories: 'signal mimicry' and 'cue
mimicry'. 'Signal mimicry' occurs when mimic and model share the same receiver,
and 'cue mimicry' when mimic and model have different receivers or when there is
no receiver for the model's trait. 'Masquerade' fits conceptually within cue
mimicry. The second and third distinctions divide both signal and cue mimicry
into four types each. These are the three traditional mimicry categories
(aggressive, Batesian and Müllerian) and a fourth, often overlooked category for
which the term 'rewarding mimicry' is suggested. Rewarding mimicry occurs when
the mimic's signal is non-deceptive (as in Müllerian mimicry) but where the mimic
signals a fitness benefit to the receiver (as in aggressive mimicry). The
existence of rewarding mimicry is a logical extension of the criteria used to
differentiate the three well-recognized forms of mimicry. These four forms of
mimicry are not discrete, immutable types, but rather help to define important
axes along which mimicry can vary.
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