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2015 ; 5
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Signal transduction in cancer
#MMPMID25833940
Sever R
; Brugge JS
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med
2015[Apr]; 5
(4
): ä PMID25833940
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Cancer is driven by genetic and epigenetic alterations that allow cells to
overproliferate and escape mechanisms that normally control their survival and
migration. Many of these alterations map to signaling pathways that control cell
growth and division, cell death, cell fate, and cell motility, and can be placed
in the context of distortions of wider signaling networks that fuel cancer
progression, such as changes in the tumor microenvironment, angiogenesis, and
inflammation. Mutations that convert cellular proto-oncogenes to oncogenes can
cause hyperactivation of these signaling pathways, whereas inactivation of tumor
suppressors eliminates critical negative regulators of signaling. An examination
of the PI3K-Akt and Ras-ERK pathways illustrates how such alterations dysregulate
signaling in cancer and produce many of the characteristic features of tumor
cells.