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2015 ; 40
(6
): 1364-72
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Sex-specific mechanism of social hierarchy in mice
#MMPMID25469681
van den Berg WE
; Lamballais S
; Kushner SA
Neuropsychopharmacology
2015[May]; 40
(6
): 1364-72
PMID25469681
show ga
The establishment of social hierarchies is a naturally occurring, evolutionarily
conserved phenomenon with a well-established impact on fitness and health.
Investigations of complex social group dynamics may offer novel opportunities for
translational studies of autism spectrum disorder. Here we describe a robust
behavioral paradigm using an automated version of the tube test. Isogenic groups
of male and female mice establish linear social hierarchies that remain highly
stable for at least 14 days, the longest interval tested. Remarkably, however,
their social strategy is sex-specific: females primarily utilize intrinsic
attributes, whereas males are strongly influenced by prior social experience.
Using both genetic and pharmacological manipulations, we identify testosterone as
a critical sex-specific factor for determining which social strategy is used.
Males inheriting a null mutation of the sex-determining region Y (Sry) gene used
a similar social cognitive strategy as females. In contrast, females with
transgenic expression of Sry utilized a typically male social strategy.
Analogously, castration of males and testosterone supplementation of females
yielded similar outcomes, with a reversal of their social cognitive strategy.
Together, our results demonstrate a sex-specific mechanism underlying social
hierarchy, in which both males and females retain the functional capacity to
adapt their social strategy. More generally, we expect the automated tube test to
provide an important complementary approach for both fundamental and
translational studies of social behavior.