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2016 ; 4
(ä): 122
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Septin Mutations in Human Cancers
#MMPMID27882315
Angelis D
; Spiliotis ET
Front Cell Dev Biol
2016[]; 4
(ä): 122
PMID27882315
show ga
Septins are GTP-binding proteins that are evolutionarily and structurally related
to the RAS oncogenes. Septin expression levels are altered in many cancers and
new advances point to how abnormal septin expression may contribute to the
progression of cancer. In contrast to the RAS GTPases, which are frequently
mutated and actively promote tumorigenesis, little is known about the occurrence
and role of septin mutations in human cancers. Here, we review septin missense
mutations that are currently in the Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer
(COSMIC) database. The majority of septin mutations occur in tumors of the large
intestine, skin, endometrium and stomach. Over 25% of the annotated mutations in
SEPT2, SEPT4, and SEPT9 belong to large intestine tumors. From all septins, SEPT9
and SEPT14 exhibit the highest mutation frequencies in skin, stomach and large
intestine cancers. While septin mutations occur with frequencies lower than 3%,
recurring mutations in several invariant and highly conserved amino acids are
found across different septin paralogs and tumor types. Interestingly, a
significant number of these mutations occur in the GTP-binding pocket and septin
dimerization interfaces. Future studies may determine how these somatic mutations
affect septin structure and function, whether they contribute to the progression
of specific cancers and if they could serve as tumor-specific biomarkers.