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2016 ; 2016
(ä): 2830157
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Sensorineural Tinnitus: Its Pathology and Probable Therapies
#MMPMID26977153
Møller AR
Int J Otolaryngol
2016[]; 2016
(ä): 2830157
PMID26977153
show ga
Tinnitus is not a single disease but a group of different diseases with different
pathologies and therefore different treatments. Regarding tinnitus as a single
disease is hampering progress in understanding of the pathophysiology of tinnitus
and perhaps, more importantly, it is a serious obstacle in development of
effective treatments for tinnitus. Subjective tinnitus is a phantom sound that
takes many different forms and has similarities with chronic neuropathic pain.
The pathology may be in the cochlea, in the auditory nerve, or, most commonly, in
the brain. Like chronic neuropathic pain tinnitus is not life threatening but
influences many normal functions such as sleep and the ability to concentrate on
work. Some forms of chronic tinnitus have two components, a (phantom) sound and a
component that may best be described as suffering or distress. The pathology of
these two components may be different and the treatment that is most effective
may be different for these two components. The most common form of treatment of
tinnitus is pharmacological agents and behavioral treatment combined with sound
therapy. Less common treatments are hypnosis and acupuncture. Various forms of
neuromodulation are becoming in use in an attempt to reverse maladaptive plastic
changes in the brain.