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2015 ; 2
(2
): 46-55
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Schizophrenia and the eye
#MMPMID26345525
Silverstein SM
; Rosen R
Schizophr Res Cogn
2015[Jun]; 2
(2
): 46-55
PMID26345525
show ga
Although visual processing impairments are common in schizophrenia, it is not
clear to what extent these originate in the eye vs. the brain. This review
highlights potential contributions, from the retina and other structures of the
eye, tovisual processing impairments in schizophrenia and high-risk states. A
second goal is to evaluate the status of retinal abnormalities as biomarkers for
schizophrenia. The review was motivated by known retinal changes in other
disorders (e.g., Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis), and their
relationships to perceptual and cognitive impairments, and disease progression
therein. The evidence reviewed suggests two major conclusions. One is that there
are multiple structural and functional disturbances of the eye in schizophrenia,
all of which could be factors in the visual disturbances of patients. These
include retinal venule widening, retinal nerve fiber layer thinning, dopaminergic
abnormalities, abnormal ouput of retinal cells as measured by electroretinography
(ERG), maculopathies and retinopathies, cataracts, poor acuity, and strabismus.
Some of these are likely to be illness-related, whereas others may be due to
medication or comorbid conditions. The second conclusion is that certain retinal
findings can serve as biomarkers of neural pathology, and disease progression, in
schizophrenia. The strongest evidence for this to date involves findings of
widened retinal venules, thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer, and abnormal
ERG amplitudes. These data suggest that a greater understanding of the
contribution of retinal and other ocular pathology to the visual and cognitive
disturbances of schizophrenia is warranted, and that retinal changes have
untapped clinical utility.
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