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2015 ; 8
(ä): 269-81
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Sanfilippo syndrome: causes, consequences, and treatments
#MMPMID26648750
Fedele AO
Appl Clin Genet
2015[]; 8
(ä): 269-81
PMID26648750
show ga
Sanfilippo syndrome, or mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type III, refers to one of
five autosomal recessive, neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders (MPS IIIA
to MPS IIIE) whose symptoms are caused by the deficiency of enzymes involved
exclusively in heparan sulfate degradation. The primary characteristic of MPS III
is the degeneration of the central nervous system, resulting in mental
retardation and hyperactivity, typically commencing during childhood. The
significance of the order of events leading from heparan sulfate accumulation
through to downstream changes in the levels of biomolecules within the cell and
ultimately the (predominantly neuropathological) clinical symptoms is not well
understood. The genes whose deficiencies cause the MPS III subtypes have been
identified, and their gene products, as well as a selection of disease-causing
mutations, have been characterized to varying degrees with respect to both
frequency and direct biochemical consequences. A number of genetic and
biochemical diagnostic methods have been developed and adopted by diagnostic
laboratories. However, there is no effective therapy available for any form of
MPS III, with treatment currently limited to clinical management of neurological
symptoms. The availability of animal models for all forms of MPS III, whether
spontaneous or generated via gene targeting, has contributed to improved
understanding of the MPS III subtypes, and has provided and will deliver
invaluable tools to appraise emerging therapies. Indeed, clinical trials to
evaluate intrathecally-delivered enzyme replacement therapy in MPS IIIA patients,
and gene therapy for MPS IIIA and MPS IIIB patients are planned or underway.