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2015 ; 172
(6
): 1468-78
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S-nitrosation and neuronal plasticity
#MMPMID24962517
Santos AI
; Martínez-Ruiz A
; Araújo IM
Br J Pharmacol
2015[Mar]; 172
(6
): 1468-78
PMID24962517
show ga
Nitric oxide (NO) has long been recognized as a multifaceted participant in brain
physiology. Despite the knowledge that was gathered over many years regarding the
contribution of NO to neuronal plasticity, for example the ability of the brain
to change in response to new stimuli, only in recent years have we begun to
understand how NO acts on the molecular and cellular level to orchestrate such
important phenomena as synaptic plasticity (modification of the strength of
existing synapses) or the formation of new synapses (synaptogenesis) and new
neurons (neurogenesis). Post-translational modification of proteins by NO
derivatives or reactive nitrogen species is a non-classical mechanism for
signalling by NO. S-nitrosation is a reversible post-translational modification
of thiol groups (mainly on cysteines) that may result in a change of function of
the modified protein. S-nitrosation of key target proteins has emerged as a main
regulatory mechanism by which NO can influence several levels of brain
plasticity, which are reviewed in this work. Understanding how S-nitrosation
contributes to neural plasticity can help us to better understand the physiology
of these processes, and to better address pathological changes in plasticity that
are involved in the pathophysiology of several neurological diseases.