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2016 ; 7
(1
): 2-7
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Risk factors of transient ischemic attack: An overview
#MMPMID27134474
Khare S
J Midlife Health
2016[Jan]; 7
(1
): 2-7
PMID27134474
show ga
Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a transient episode of neurologic dysfunction
caused due to loss of blood flow to the brain or spinal cord without acute
infarction. Depending on the area of the brain involved, symptoms of TIA vary
widely from patient to patient. Since the blockage period in TIA is very
short-lived, there is no permanent damage. Risk factors for TIA include family
history of stroke or TIA, age above 55 years or older, higher risk of TIA in
males than females, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, and tobacco smoking.
Genetics, race, and imbalance in lipid profile are other risk factors of TIA. TIA
is usually diagnosed after taking a thorough history and a physical examination.
Several radiological tests such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance
imaging are useful in the evaluation of patients who have had a TIA. Ultrasound
of the neck and an echocardiogram of the heart are other tests useful in the
diagnosis and evaluation of the attack. The treatment following acute recovery
from a TIA depends on the underlying cause. Patients who have more than 70%
stenosis of the carotid artery, removal of atherosclerotic plaque is usually done
by carotid endarterectomy surgery. One-third of the people with TIA can later
have recurrent TIAs and one-third can have a stroke because of permanent nerve
cell loss. Having a TIA is a risk factor for eventually having a stroke.
Educating the patients and inculcating lifestyle modifications in them are
initial steps to minimize the prevalence of transient ischemic attack.
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