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2017 ; 17
(68
): 5-16
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Rheumatoid arthritis: what do MRI and ultrasound show
#MMPMID28439423
Sudo?-Szopi?ska I
; Jans L
; Teh J
J Ultrason
2017[Mar]; 17
(68
): 5-16
PMID28439423
show ga
Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common inflammatory arthritis, affecting
approximately 1% of the world's population. Its pathogenesis has not been
completely understood. However, there is evidence that the disease may involve
synovial joints, subchondral bone marrow as well as intra- and extraarticular fat
tissue, and may lead to progressive joint destruction and disability. Over the
last two decades, significant improvement in its prognosis has been achieved
owing to new strategies for disease management, the emergence of new biologic
therapies and better utilization of conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic
drugs. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate therapy have been recognized as essential
for improving clinical outcomes in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis.
Despite the potential of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging to
visualize all tissues typically involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid
arthritis, the diagnosis of early disease remains difficult due to limited
specificity of findings. This paper summarizes the pathogenesis phenomena of
rheumatoid arthritis and describes rheumatoid arthritis-related features of the
disease within the synovium, subchondral bone marrow and articular fat tissue on
MRI and ultrasound. Moreover, the paper aims to illustrate the significance of
MRI and ultrasound findings in rheumatoid arthritis in the diagnosis of
subclinical and early inflammation, and the importance of MRI and US in the
follow-up and establishing remission. Finally, we also discuss MRI of the spine
in rheumatoid arthritis, which may help assess the presence of active
inflammation and complications.
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