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2018 ; 12
(ä): 178
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Review of the Neural Oscillations Underlying Meditation
#MMPMID29662434
Lee DJ
; Kulubya E
; Goldin P
; Goodarzi A
; Girgis F
Front Neurosci
2018[]; 12
(ä): 178
PMID29662434
show ga
Objective: Meditation is one type of mental training that has been shown to
produce many cognitive benefits. Meditation practice is associated with
improvement in concentration and reduction of stress, depression, and anxiety
symptoms. Furthermore, different forms of meditation training are now being used
as interventions for a variety of psychological and somatic illnesses. These
benefits are thought to occur as a result of neurophysiologic changes. The most
commonly studied specific meditation practices are focused attention (FA),
open-monitoring (OM), as well as transcendental meditation (TM), and
loving-kindness (LK) meditation. In this review, we compare the neural
oscillatory patterns during these forms of meditation. Method: We performed a
systematic review of neural oscillations during FA, OM, TM, and LK meditation
practices, comparing meditators to meditation-naïve adults. Results: FA, OM, TM,
and LK meditation are associated with global increases in oscillatory activity in
meditators compared to meditation-naïve adults, with larger changes occurring as
the length of meditation training increases. While FA and OM are related to
increases in anterior theta activity, only FA is associated with changes in
posterior theta oscillations. Alpha activity increases in posterior brain regions
during both FA and OM. In anterior regions, FA shows a bilateral increase in
alpha power, while OM shows a decrease only in left-sided power. Gamma activity
in these meditation practices is similar in frontal regions, but increases are
variable in parietal and occipital regions. Conclusions: The current literature
suggests distinct differences in neural oscillatory activity among FA, OM, TM,
and LK meditation practices. Further characterizing these oscillatory changes may
better elucidate the cognitive and therapeutic effects of specific meditation
practices, and potentially lead to the development of novel neuromodulation
targets to take advantage of their benefits.