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2016 ; 4
(1
): 121
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Review of RyR1 pathway and associated pathomechanisms
#MMPMID27855725
Witherspoon JW
; Meilleur KG
Acta Neuropathol Commun
2016[Nov]; 4
(1
): 121
PMID27855725
show ga
Ryanodine receptor isoform-1 (RyR1) is a major calcium channel in skeletal muscle
important for excitation-contraction coupling. Mutations in the RYR1 gene yield
RyR1 protein dysfunction that manifests clinically as RYR1-related congenital
myopathies (RYR1-RM) and/or malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS).
Individuals with RYR1-RM and/or MHS exhibit varying symptoms and severity. The
symptoms impair quality of life and put patients at risk for early mortality, yet
the cause of varying severity is not well understood. Currently, there is no Food
and Drug Administration (FDA) approved treatment for RYR1-RM. Discovery of
effective treatments is therefore critical, requiring knowledge of the RyR1
pathway. The purpose of this review is to compile work published to date on the
RyR1 pathway and to implicate potential regions as targets for treatment. The
RyR1 pathway is comprised of protein-protein interactions, protein-ligand
interactions, and post-translational modifications, creating an
activation/regulatory macromolecular complex. Given the complexity of this
pathway, we divided these interactions and modifications into six regulatory
groups. Three of several RyR1 interacting proteins, FK506-binding protein 12
(FKBP12), triadin, and calmodulin, were identified as playing important roles
across all groups and may serve as promising target sites for treatment. Also,
variability in disease severity may be influenced by prolongation or
hyperactivity of post-translational modifications resulting from RyR1
dysfunction.